Education and Business in Conditions of Coopetition: Bibliometrics

: The study of the relationship between education and business is a very relevant issue when education and business are key factors in developing and uplifting the economy. Education is the foundation for creating a business since the effective activity is impossible without a strong information base. The purpose of this research is a bibliographic review of scientific publications devoted to the relationship between business and education, based on materials indexed by the Scopus, Web of Science


Introduction
Today more than 600 active scientists and 30 business representatives are registered on the online platform for communication and effective interaction of representatives of business and the scientific community "Science and Business" (Nauka ta biznes, 2022).Education is the process and result of a person's assimilation of systematic knowledge, abilities and skills, the development of mind and feelings, the formation of a worldview and cognitive interests (Zaychenko, 2008).Business is an entrepreneurial, commercial or any other activity that does not contradict the law, and it is aimed at making a profit (Carroll, 2019).
As of November 2022, more than 120,000 articles and magazines can be found on the global network for the phrase "business and education", which indicates a close relationship between these concepts.Of course, without quality education, it is impossible to implement any business.The study of the relationship between education and business is a very relevant issue when education and business are key factors in the development and upliftment of the economy.Education is the foundation for creating a business since effective activity is impossible without a strong information base.The purpose of this research is a bibliographic review of scientific publications devoted to the relationship between business and education, based on materials indexed by the Scopus, Web of Science, and Mendeley databases using the built-in functions of the Bibliometrix application and the R programming language.

Literature Review
Many publications by world scientists confirm the relevance of the research topic.Thus, 2624,2679, and 114,193 were found in the bibliographic and abstract database Scopus (Scopus database, 2017-2022), in the Web of Science database (Web of Science database, 2017-2022), where scientific literature and patent databases are located, and in software for managing bibliographic information Mendeley (Mendeley database, 2017-2022), respectively scientific articles and magazines for the exact phrase "business and education" for the period from 2017 to 2022.MDPI, an open-access journal publisher, also publishes many articles for the search term "business and education".So, for example, in work (Zaccone et al., 2022), the authors investigated that hybrid organizations contribute to sustainable development due to their ability to develop and maintain relations with the surrounding organizational realities, their motivation to protect the natural environment and people and take care of them, teaching, spreading knowledge and ennobling the human spirit.Bratianu et al. (2020) conducted a study on the need to change the paradigm of business education by creating a new learning environment focused on business competencies and on the new dynamics of the knowledge ecosystem.Murzyn-Kupisz & Holuj (2021) conducted interviews and analyzed the publications, documents, web pages and Facebook profiles of craftsmanship, artistic and business schools.Their activities were investigated and classified according to the main dimensions of comprehensive fashion education: art, craft, and business.The analysis provides a picture of the current situation and an overview of the specific features of sustainable fashion education in both global and Polish contexts.Karacsony et al. (2022) conducted a study to assess international students' cultural diversity in higher educational institutions.The study results provide an overview of students' attitudes toward study in institutions of higher education.These factors influence their studies and their expectations about studying abroad.According to the results of hypothesis testing, students believe that studying in higher education institutions is a good basis for personal development.The results also confirmed that studying in a multicultural environment can positively affect students' work ability.O'Sullivan et al. (2022) examine management education in Great Britain and how student learning has been affected by universities' substitute for online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic.Overall, a decline in perceived learning was reported, although there were signs of stronger learning in several regions of the country.
One should note the publication of Bani-Mustafa et al. (2021), where the authors, using a system of structural equations, investigate individual influencing factors on the questionnaire data of 291 teachers (gender, academic qualification, scientific productivity, teaching experience in the relevant field of education, experience in industrial activity and professional certification) on entrepreneurial the behaviour of teachers and the business orientation of educational institutions in Kuwait.The main result of this study is the confirmation of the hypothesis that the entrepreneurial activity of the teacher contributes to the organizational work of the educational institution.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of the unemployment rate to cyclical fluctuations of production depending on age, gender and level of education for 28 EU countries for the period from 1995 to 2019 was carried out using Okun's law in the article of Butkus et al. (2020).The authors assessed the quality and reliability of the model by least-squares dummy variables, Newey-West standard errors and the Arellano-Bond estimator.The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis put forward in the study that Okun's coefficients exert the most significant influence on men and youth during the period of negative changes in production.Gregory & Miller (2014) explored what it means for a business school to embed systems thinking and sustainability into the curriculum, looking at both the application of systems thinking to develop sustainable programs and the teaching of systems thinking to support understanding of sustainability.In this article, the development of the curriculum is considered through the prism of the viable system model of Stafford Beer on the example of the educational program of management.
One should highlight the diversity of scientific research areas where bibliometric analysis is carried out using the R programming language, VOSviewer, SciMAT and Bibliometrix packages.So the work of Muchiri et al. (2022).)contains an overview of green finance after the Paris Agreement by applying a bibliometric analysis of selected literature.The study reviewed literature from the Web of Science database for 2015-2022.Data cleaning, formatting, and analysis were performed using VOSviewer and R-studio.The study indicates the increased interest of scientists in the issue of green financing.Based on the findings, further research on green finance from an economic and financial perspective is recommended, using quantitative approaches to complement the existing literature and provide a broader vision for policymakers and regulators.Bastanchury-López & De-Pablos-Heredero (2022) provided an overview and summarized the knowledge about smart cities regarding land use.For this, a bibliometric analysis of 475 documents indexed by the Web of Science database was performed using the SciMAT and VOSviewer programs.Scientific works published between January 1, 2000, and September 8, 2022, were considered.The results of this analysis made it possible to identify the most relevant publications regarding the features of urban land use in smart cities.
Using the technique of bibliometric mapping Alex at al. (2022) analyzed the quality, quantity, and development of research on cyclone separators.A sample of 487 publications limited to the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used for the bibliometric analysis.Data analysis was performed using the RStudio software package (R Bibliometrix tool).The findings suggest that researchers in different parts of the world, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, should focus their research efforts on this area, given the lack of publications on this issue in these regions.The purpose of this study was to serve as a primary source for potential areas of technological research and collaboration between researchers in this and other related fields.

Methodology and Research Methods
The bibliometric analysis was carried out using powerful modern Bibliometrix software, the R programming language and the RStudio package (Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017) on a sample of the first 2,000 publications out of 2,161 (on the request "relationship between education and business") indexed by the Scopus database for the period from 2017 to 2022.Bibliometrix is a package for the R statistical programming language for quantitative research in scientometrics and bibliometrix.The R programming language is an open-source environment and ecosystem.Many powerful statistical algorithms, access to high-quality numerical procedures, and integrated data visualization tools are the strongest qualities to favour R over other languages for scientific computing.Bibliometrix is a web resource that allows to conduct a comprehensive analysis of scientific publications and can import data and convert them into R programming language codes; displays a descriptive analysis of the publication data set; selection from the global network of joint citation of works, cooperation on publications; network analysis of publications.
Publications are imported using the Biblioshiny library of the R language.It is possible to download and collect data in various formats (bibtext, xlsx, csv) from such databases as Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions (a database of research grants that links grants with effective publications and patents), Lens (online patent and scientific literature search resource), PubMed (contains biomedical research), Cochrane Library (medical and health database).At the same time, it is possible to download and collect data in various formats (bibtext, xlsx, csv) from such databases as Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions (a database of research grants that links grants with effective publications and patents), Lens (online patent and scientific literature search resource), PubMed (contains biomedical research), Cochrane Library (medical and health database).

Results
Table 1 shows the main functions of the Bibliometrix package, which will be used during the bibliometric analysis in this research.It is advisable to use Bradford's law of dispersion to identify the best journals both for publishing one's research and searching for the most relevant scientific information in terms of institutional and economic models of transfer of innovations in education and business in conditions of coopetition (Bates & Maack, 2015) (Table 2).One of the formulations of Bradford's law is that if the journals of a certain field are divided into three zones (groups) by the number of articles in such a way that each zone contains one-third of all articles by the number of publications in them, then the number of journals in each group will be proportionally determined according to formula: where n is the number of journals in the group.
With the help of such logic (1) and the Bradford multiplier bm, it is possible to determine the optimal number of journals that a researcher needs to analyze in the direction of his activity (Bates & Maack, 2015).That is, if, for example, the researcher knows information about the activities of five main journals in his field of research, which together published 12 articles that were of interest to the researcher.To find the other 12 new articles, the researcher needs to review twice as many journals, that is, the Bradford multiplier bm =10/5=2.Therefore, to find the next 12 new articles, the researcher needs to analyze bm times more journals.Having analyzed 5, 10, 20, ..., 60, ... journals, the researcher realizes that he does not need further analysis; he has identified the top relevant journals for his field of research.Different researchers have their primary base of core journals and have different Bradford multipliers and define their core areas for publication.
The next index, with the help of which the analysis of publications was carried out, is the Hirsch index.The Hirsch index, or h-index, is a scientometric indicator proposed in 2005 by the American physicist Jorge Hirsch from the University of San Diego, California.The Hirsch index is a quantitative characteristic of the productivity of a scientist, a group of scientists, a scientific organization, or a country, based on the number of publications and the number of citations of these publications.A scientist with index h has published h articles, each of which has been cited at least h times.So, if a given researcher has published 100 articles, each of which has only one reference, his h-index is equal to 1.The same will be the h-index of a researcher who has published one article that has been cited 100 times.
The Hirsch index was designed to obtain a more adequate assessment of a researcher's scientific productivity than simple characteristics such as the total number of publications or the total number of citations can provide.The index works well only when comparing scientists working in the same field of research, because the traditions associated with citations differ in different fields of science (for example, in biology and medicine the h-index is much higher than in physics).Normally, the h-index of a physicist is approximately equal to the length of his scientific career in years, while for an outstanding physicist it is twice as high.
The Hirsch index can be calculated using both free public online scientometric databases (e.g., Google Scholar) and paid subscription databases (e.g., Scopus or ISI Web of Science), but paid databases often also provide the h-index scientists in free access.It should be noted that the Hirsch index calculated for the same person using different databases will be differentlike other scientometric characteristics, it depends on the area of coverage of the selected database.In addition, the Hirsch index can be calculated with and without self-citation; it is assumed that dropping authors' references to their own articles produces more objective results (Rozrakhunok).
The result of the Hirsch index analysis is presented in Figure 3. Another index used for analysis is the Gini index.The Gini index is a widely used measure of economic inequality that measures the distribution of authorship.This index is usually used to measure economic inequality, but in bibliometric analysis, it measures the distribution of a particular resource among a certain population.The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 means complete equality among individuals in the sample and 1 means complete inequality or 1 person owns all resources within the sample cohort.Thus, a smaller Gini index indicates a more even distribution of resources among individuals, and a larger Gini index indicates a less even distribution of resources among individuals (Hart & Perlis, 2021).The result of the Gini index analysis is presented in Figure 4.In addition, the analysis of keywords (Figure 7) by frequency of use in 2000 publications clearly shows the relevance of articles to the search request on the topic "business and education".The frequency of use of keywords is shown in Table 3.The most frequently used words are education, human, students, female, male, and humans.

Figure 1
Figure 1 characterizes the three-pole graph (Sankey diagram) by country, keyword, and publication year of cited references.It was created to reflect the proportion of research topics on the relationship between education and business for each country and the recency of cited articles.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Three-Field Plot Sources: Compiled by the authors using RStudio

Figure 2
Figure2shows the top 30 sources by the number of studies published in them on the relationship between education and business.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Top 30 Most Significant Journals by the Number of Published Materials in Terms of the Correlation of the Concepts of Education and Business Sources: Compiled by the authors using RStudio and Bibliometrix software

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Source Local Impact According to the Hirsch Index Sources: Compiled by the authors using RStudio and Bibliometrix software

Figure 4 .Figure 5
Figure 4. Source Local Impact According to the Ginny Index Sources: Compiled by the authors using RStudio and Bibliometrix software

Figure 5 .
Figure 5.The Total Number of Citations of the Top 30 Journals about the Relationship Between Education and Business Sources: Compiled by the authors using RStudio and Bibliometrix software Figure 6 shows the list of the most cited countries in which the authors indicated their affiliations.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Top 30 Most Cited Countries by Research Topic Sources: Compiled by the authors using RStudio and Bibliometrix software

Figure 7 .
Figure 7.A Cloud of the 100 Most Used Keywords by Research Topic Sources: Compiled by the authors

Table 1 .
Main Functions of the Bibliometrix Package

Table 2 .
Source Clustering through Bradford's Law Sources: Built by the authors using RStudio and Bibliometrix software

Table 3 .
Frequency of Use of 100 Keywords Sources: Built by the authors using RStudio and Bibliometrix software