Innovation and Management of Smart Transformation Global Energy Sector: Systematic Literature Review

: The acceleration of globalisation processes and increasing countries' energy interdependence are required to ensure national energy security and independence. That demands investigating and developing processes and approaches for sustainable transformation of the global energy sector. The article aims to perform a complex review and investigation of the academic environment to analyse the trends and features of scientific publications devoted to new trends and tendencies in the smart energy industry transformation. To provide a categorical and theoretical background on the key scientific publications’ trends, the paper conducted a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications about smart energy management and sustainable energy sector. The subject of investigation is publications on smart energy management and the sustainable energy sector. The article represented the results of bibliometric analysis using the Scopus tools analytics and VOSViewer tools. The investigation answered the central question of the key academic and research tendencies in the smart energy development and sustainable transformation field. Thus, qualitative, and quantitative trends describe the academic tendencies to spread smart and sustainable technologies in the energy industry. Using the Scopus scientometric database, a system of more than 5000 academic texts in the determined area was created from 2001 to 2022. Such countries as India, China, the USA, the UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, South Korea, France represent the analysed scientific area. Describing the key trends and clusters has allowed understanding and systemised the dominant trends in the development of scientific publications in the field of management of sustainable development processes, spreading the IOT processes, and renewable energy.


Introduction
The International Energy Agency (IEA, 2022) offers three scenarios for transforming the global energy system − basic, ambitious and "Zero emissions by 2050".Their implementation depends entirely on the readiness of the governments of individual countries to implement previously declared goals.Thus, all three scenarios predict an increase in the share of electricity in final global consumption.For the basic scenario, this share will be 28% in 2050; for the ambitious scenario, it will be 40%.To implement the "Zero Emissions by 2050" plan, the share of electricity must exceed 50%.Intellectualisation has become dominant in the energy development strategy.The basis is defined as ensuring inseparability and coherence of actions in the following key directions: energy supply (uninterrupted supply of electrical energy of appropriate quality), energy availability (energy saving and affordable price of electricity) and energy acceptability (minimum impact on the environment) (Andrișan et al., 2022;Djalilov, 2022;Mlaabdal et al., 2021).These directions are highlighted as the basis for transitioning to implementing modern ones and promising "intelligent" technologies (Koibichuk et al., 2022).This implementation of innovative technology networks will contribute to integrating renewable energy sources into the power grid.The article aims to perform a complex review and investigation of the academic environment to analyse the trends and features of scientific publications devoted to new trends and tendencies in the smart energy industry transformation.

Literature Review
Optimization of resource use, the introduction of renewable sources, digitalization, and the gradual application of more and more technologies will inevitably lead to the transformation of the energy sector in each country.Using a wide range of methods and tools for implementing sustainable development and renewable energy projects and stimulating CO2 emissions reduction characterizes the global transformational processes in the energy industry.The main ones include legislative norms and restrictions, supporting energy security (Kolosok et al., 2022), implementation of the environmental management system (Dobrowolski et

Methodology and Research Methods
The analysed tendencies are connected with smart energy and sustainable energy sector development and were published in the authoritative scientific journals chosen based on the Scopus CiteScore System (Table 1).The proposed bibliometric analysis includes investigating quantitative and qualitative indicators of the academic papers investigating issues connected with smart energy development and management.Such an approach is assumed to assess and determine the main subject areas in smart energy development and management.They provide the possibility to systemise and structure scientific papers on the key research areas to cluster the main spheres of scientific activity.EViews software allows creating of bibliometric maps, built-on information from the Scopus base, that illustrate the trends in co-citation and co-occurrence analysis.

Results
The study of global trends in publishing activity dedicated to the smart transformation of the energy industry and approaches to effective management made it possible to identify and analyse the relevant trends.Figure 1 shows the dynamics of the publications dedicated to developing the sustainable energy sector and smart energy transformation for 2000-2022.The Scopus analytics tools can review and analyse scientific publications from the scientific base considering a wide range of indicators: by scientists, their citing number and ranks, affiliation, subject area, type of publications, countries, funding institutions, etc.The dynamic of publications in the figure shows a steady growth trend in the number of relevant scientific works and significant growth has been observed since 2010.Correlation analysis was used to determine the degree of relationship between indicators of the number of publications (Table 2).The correlation coefficient and its confidence interval were evaluated, namely, the lower and upper bounds.Thus, the sample correlation coefficient is 0.88, and the range from 0.57 to 0.91 is the true value of the correlation coefficient for the general population.Figure 2 shows the structure of two groups of publications, which cover conference papers, articles, book chapters, reviews, conference reviews, books, editorials, notes etc.The main funding institutions are the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the European Commission, Horizon 2020, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, the European Regional Development Fund, the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Seventh Framework Programme, Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, etc.These findings show that most scientific publications explore a wide range of methods and approaches for implementing smart energy models and approaches, with a preference for investigating the tendencies of innovative smart technologies for reducing power consumption and supporting the development of sustainable technologies in the energy sphere.These trends align with the most high-cited papers, as shown in Table 3.As shown in Figure 4, many publications focused on energy management practices, smart energy technologies, energy efficiency, energy storage, the internet of things, smart energy systems and smart city.Also, many studies deal with renewable energy, sustainable development, optimisation, and information management.
The co-citation analysis revealed the eight significant clusters of academic pools that had the most significant influence on the theory of smart energy development, and it is management (Figure 4).The biggest blue cluster includes the categories (more than 160 items) connected with alternative energy, building energy management, climate change, carbon emission, carbon footprint, electricity generation, emission control, energy hubs, energy networks, energy security, energy transition, sustainable energy, smart energy systems, sustainable energy systems, zero energy buildings, etc.The next significant violet cluster explained spreading the IT technologies in the energy sector: cyber security, cloud computing, energy efficiency, energy grids, energy monitoring, green computing, home energy management, industry 4.0, innovations, intelligent energy management, internet of things, network security etc.The following green cluster emphasizes the trends in the energy sector and the economic mechanisms of their implementation.It includes energy efficiency, information management, artificial intelligence, green computing, energy optimization, renewable energy etc. Figure 5 demonstrates the cluster analysis results of the main keywords dealing with the theory of smart energy development.The results of the keywords cluster analysis devoted to the theory of smart energy development outlined the significant growth in publication activity since 2018.Moreover, the results of the bibliographic coupling analysis between countries determined leaders in co-citation, particularly India, China, USA, UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, South Korea, France etc.

Conclusions
The analysis of scientific publications and their bibliometric analysis made it possible to determine the characteristic trends in the development of publishing activity, which characterize the development of the theory of smart transformation of the energy industry.The analysis results indicate a steady growth trend in publications since 2005.The main subject areas are energy, the science of sustainable development, engineering, etc.During this period, the world economy is entering a new stage of technological development, in which not the volumes of used resources (including fuel and energy) but their effective management will become the main dominant factor.Due to the application of intelligent industrial technologies, the industry will undergo large-scale revolutionary transformations.Such a process is primarily characteristic of the energy sector, where smart transformations occur.
Represented academic journals described by high-level CiteScore, that estimate the citations received per document.Thus, in the described subject field the highest CiteScore belongs to the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials journal (CiteScore Rank − 69,4), which was established in 1998.Simultaneously, SCImago Journal Rank assess the weighted citations obtained by the journal.They are determined by the sphere and subject area and citing indicators.IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials journal has the highest level (SJR -11,315).One more indicator (Source Normalised Impact per Paper) evaluates the number of citations received compared to citations foreseen for the journal's scientific subject area.IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials journal also has the highest SNIP Rank -13,519.Described tendencies characterise the relevance of the chosen for investigations scientific publications.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.The Dynamics of the Publications Dedicated to the Development of the Sustainable Energy Sector and Smart Energy TransformationSourse: Compiled by the authors on the basis of Scopus base

Figure 2 .Figure 3 .
Figure 3.The Structure of Publications According to the Subject Area (Smart Energy Transformation (a), Development of the Sustainable Energy Sector (b)) Sourse: Compiled by the authors on the basis of Scopus base

Figure 4 .
Figure 4.The Results of the Co-Citation Analysis of the Theory of Smart Energy Development Sources: Compiled by the authors on the base of Scopus and VOSviewer tool

Figure 5 .
Figure 5.The Results of the Keywords Cluster Analysis on the Theory of Smart Energy Development Sources: Compiled by the authors on the basis of Scopus and VOSviewer tool

Table 1 .
The TOP-10 Journals Based on Scopus CiteScore 2022 Sources: Compiled by the authors on the base of Scopus

Table 2 .
Descriptive Statistics Sourse: Compiled by the authors on the basis of Scopus base

Table 3 .
The TOP-10 Most-Cited Papers